Seminar on Quantum Field Theories

Organizers:
Anna Kosiorek | Marcin Możejko | Łukasz Sienkiewicz (chair) | Krzysztof Święcicki

Program committee:
Marek Czarnecki | Krzysztof Kapulkin (chair) | Łukasz Sienkiewicz

See what happened on past meetings: December, January, February, March. In case of questions please contact Krzysztof Kapulkin (qft 'at' mimuw.edu.pl).


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Past meetings

The fourth meeting dedicated to
Categorical methods in Quantum Mechanics
took place on Sunday, March 28th, 2010
at the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Mechanics, room 5070.

Speakers

Andrei Akhvlediani (Oxford University), Quantum mechanics and quantum information categorically
Henryk Żołądek (University of Warsaw), Quantum mechanics and its mathematical tools

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Talks

Quantum mechanics and its mathematical tools
Henryk Żołądek (University of Warsaw)
Abstract: Quantum mechanics was created in the first quarter of the 20th century as a theory describing the wave properties of particles (like the electrons) on one side and the particle properties of waves (like the electromagnetic waves) on the other side. It turned out that this theory can be mathematically well-decribed by means of the linear theory of functional spaces and differential operators, which is now known as the functional analysis. This apparatus is further extended by the group representation theory which describes the symmetries of an appropriate physical system.
I will present some applications of functional analysis and group theory in quantum mechanics. As an example I will describe the discrete spectrum and the bounded states of an electron in the hydrogen atom, taking into account the angular momentum and the spin in presence of an external magnetic field.

Categorical Preliminaries
Andrei Akhvlediani (Oxford University)
Abstract: - 2-categories and the idea of bicategories.
- String diagrams for 2-categories.
- The formal theory of adjunctions.
- Monoidal categories and the associated string diagrams.
- Braided-, symmetric-, compact closed- and dagger- monoidal categories.
- Extended graphical calculus and its completeness and soundness.

Quantum Information Categorically
Andrei Akhvlediani (Oxford University)
Abstract: - What is quantum computation?
- The standard mathematical model.
- The quantum teleportation protocol.
- The categorical framework.
- Quantum teleportation = adjunction.
- Frobenius algebras and bases.
- Interacting observables and the zoo of algebraic structures.

Compositional Monoidal Theories
Andrei Akhvlediani (Oxford University)
Abstract: - An outline of Lawvere's functorial semantics.
- Monoidal and symmetric monoidal theories: PROs and PROPs.
- Monads and distributive laws in arbitrary bicategories.
- The bicategories of Spans and of (internal) profunctors.
- Representing categories as monads.
- Composing PROPs; key examples.
- Current work and some open problems.

Additional materials will be distributed by the organizers during the meeting.

The third meeting dedicated to
Knot Theory and 3D TQFT
took place on Saturday, February 27th, 2010
at the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Mechanics, room 5070.

Speakers

Christian Kissig (University of Leicester), TQFTs and Invariants of 3-Manifolds
Paweł Traczyk (University of Warsaw), Introduction to Knot Theory

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Talks

Introduction to Knot Theory
Paweł Traczyk (University of Warsaw)
Abstract: In this talk I will introduce basic notions of Knot Theory, such that are necessary to understand Khovanov cohomology invariants. Specifically, diagrams of knots, Reidemeister moves, and the Jones polynomial in Kauffman's version will be described.

TQFTs and Invariants of 3-Manifolds
Christian Kissig (University of Leicester)
Abstract: In this talk we study invariants of 3-manifolds with embedded banded knots. There are three well-known approaches to these invariants: Chern-Simmons field theory, 2-dimensional conformal field theory, and quantum groups. We shall pursue the latter in this talk.
Part I: We review basic notions in monoidal categories with braiding, twists and dualities, in particular ribbon categories. Distinguishing a dominating set of objects yields the notion of a modular category. The homsets in modular categories have the structure of modules for a fixed ground ring K. The dominating objects generalise the decomposition of modules into direct sum of irreducible modules.
We give an abstract axiomatic characterisation of modular functors from the category of 3-manifolds and homeomorphisms into the category of projective K-modules and K-isomorphisms. 3-dimensional TQFTs extend these modular functors by maps which assign to each 3-cobordisms a K-homomorphism. We define non-degeneracy and anomalies at this abstract level. Quantum invariants arise as maps that assign to 3-cobordisms values in a ground ring K, which - in this part - we assume only to be unital and commutative.
Part II: We give a concrete construction of a 3-dimensional TQFT for 3-cobordisms with embedded ribbon graphs. The construction uses the decoration of boundaries of 3-cobordisms with ribbon graphs that are coloured in a modular category V with ground ring K. An extension of surfaces and gluing by decoration gives rise to a 3-dimensional TQFT for the ground ring K. The constructed TQFT is non-degenerate, but has anomalies by definition. We look into these anomalies in detail in Part III.
Part III: First we introduce anomalies abstractly in terms of certain cocycles of gluing patterns in abelian groups G. Given such a cocycle, we can tweak the constructed TQFT by extending the cobordisms and the associated notion of gluing by weights in G. The so obtained TQFT is anomaly-free. The TQFT constructed in Part II yields such a 2-cocycle, that we can compute in terms of the Maslov indices of Lagrangian subspaces of the homologies on the boundary of decorated 3-cobordisms. The definition will solely depend on the topological structure of the 3-cobordisms and the decorated notion of gluing.
We talk will come full circle with the theorem that isomorphism clases of non-degenerate anomaly-free 3-dimensional TQFTs are in bijection with quantum invariants of closed 3-cobordisms.
The talk will be largely based on the book "Quantum Invariants of Knots and 3-Manifolds" of Turaev, the series of lectures on "Integral TQFT" by Masbaum, and more remotely on "Algebraic Topology" by Hatcher for the construction of homologies on surfaces.

The second meeting dedicated to
Topological Quantum Field Theories
and their applications in Algebraic Topology and Algebraic Geometry
took place on Saturday, January 23rd, 2010
at the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Mechanics, room 5070.

Speakers

Moritz Groth (Universität Bonn), A short course on ∞-categories
Tomasz Maszczyk (University of Warsaw), A survey on Gromov-Witten invariants and quantum cohomology

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Talks

A survey on Gromov-Witten invariants and quantum cohomology.
Tomasz Maszczyk (University of Warsaw)
Abstract: A link between classical enumerative geometry of rational curves in the projective plane and quantum field theories will be traced. A relation between propagators of the quantum theory and commutative Frobenius algebras will be described. Gromov-Witten invariants will be defined and their reconstruction from so called quantum cohomology will be ideologically explained.

Basic notions and the relation with simplicial categories.
Moritz Groth (Universität Bonn)
Abstract: We will give the definition of ∞-categories and construct the associated homotopy categories. Along the way we will see that we succeeded in finding an axiomatic framework 'for categories with morphisms of arbitrary dimension' such that compositions exist well-defined up to a contractible choice. Using the coherent nerve construction due to Cordier, the Joyal model structure for ∞-categories is defined. The comparison result on the existence of a Quillen equivalence between the Joyal and the Bergner model structure for simplicial categories is mentioned.

Categorical constructions and the relation with model categories.
Moritz Groth (Universität Bonn)
Abstract: We transfer some central notions from classical category theory to the world of ∞-categories. Among these are the notions of (co-)cones, join and slice constructions and the notion of (co-)limits. Then we turn to presentable ∞-categories and describe some main steps in the argumentation due to Lurie that presentable model categories and simplicial combinatorial model categories do the same job.

(Symmetric) Monoidal ∞-categories and the notion of fully dualizable objects.
Moritz Groth (Universität Bonn)
Abstract: Motivated by the classical Grothendieck construction, we find a reformulation of the axioms of a monoidal category. In particular, this reformulation 'hides' the coherence axioms which is particularly convenient in the ∞ -categorical world since there the pentagon axiom would only be the first of an infinite list of expected coherence axioms. This reformulation motivates a definition of monoidal ∞-categories. Then we sketch which modifications are in place in order to obtain a theory of symmetric monoidal ∞-categories. We finish by introducing the notion of fully dualizable objects in a symmetric monoidal ∞-category.

The first meeting took place on Saturday, December 5th, 2009 at the Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Mechanics, room 5070.

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From Atiyah to Lurie. 20 years of TQFT. (Krzysztof Kapulkin)

1. Definition of a TQFT as a symmetric monoidal functor n-Cob ---> Vect (everything is to be defined).
2. n-Cob as a symmetric monoidal category.
3. Frobenius algebras. Theorem: The category of 2D TQFTs is equivalent to the category of commutative Frobenius algebras.
4. Perspective: Extended TQFT, Baez-Dolan conjecture, Lurie theorem.

Strings --- filling gaps between QFT and general relativity theory. (Marek Czarnecki)

1. Problems combining QFT and GRT.
2. What is String Theory about?
3. Further development: what do strings still lack?

Classical and quantum mechanics, and field theories: comparison of formal structures. (Jan Liszka-Dalecki)

1. Classical mechanics --- takes place on manifolds, the mathematical apparatus used is differential geometry.
2. Quantum mechanics --- takes place in Hilbert spaces, the mathematical apparatus used is functional analysis.
3. Classical field formalism, Feynman path trajectories, Feynman diagrams, field quantisation and QFT.
This page was last updated on May 2nd, 2010 by Krzysztof Kapulkin.